The Book of 1 Samuel marks the transition in Israel’s history from the period of the judges to the establishment of the monarchy. It introduces three pivotal figures: the prophet Samuel, Israel’s first king Saul, and the future king David. Through these lives, the book explores themes of leadership, obedience, and God’s sovereign control over the destiny of His people.

The story begins with the birth of Samuel, a miraculous answer to the prayer of Hannah, a faithful woman who dedicates her son to the service of Jehovah. Samuel grows up at the tabernacle in Shiloh and becomes a prophet and judge over Israel. Under his guidance, the people experience spiritual renewal and victory over their enemies, but eventually demand a human king “like the other nations,” rejecting God's direct kingship.

God grants their request and selects Saul as Israel’s first king. At first, Saul appears impressive—tall, strong, and courageous—but his character flaws quickly emerge. He disobeys God's commands, acts presumptuously, and tries to secure his own power. As a result, God rejects Saul as king and chooses a new leader: David, a humble shepherd from Bethlehem, described as “a man after God’s own heart.”

David’s rise is marked by his famous defeat of the giant Goliath and growing popularity among the people. This provokes Saul’s jealousy, leading to a long and bitter conflict. Though David has opportunities to take Saul’s life, he refuses to harm Jehovah’s anointed and entrusts his future to God. The book ends with Saul’s tragic death in battle, paving the way for David’s eventual reign.

1 Samuel highlights the contrast between outward appearance and inward devotion, warning against self-reliance and disobedience. Through the rise of David and the fall of Saul, the book points toward the kind of king God desires, one who listens, trusts, and submits to Him. It ultimately sets the stage for the Davidic covenant and the hope of an everlasting kingdom under the Messiah.

JJ Bowks, ©CDMI